Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Nucleic acids
• D. Lipids

Answer: (C)

Nucleic acids are the biomolecules primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. This group includes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA contains the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It serves as the blueprint for all the proteins that are synthesized in a cell, influencing traits and heredity. During the process of transcription, DNA is converted into RNA, which then plays a critical role in the synthesis of proteins by serving as a template during translation.

On the other hand, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids serve different functions. Proteins are primarily involved in catalyzing biochemical reactions, structural functions, and signaling. Carbohydrates provide energy and serve as structural components in cells. Lipids primarily function in storing energy and forming cellular membranes. While these biomolecules play essential roles in biological systems, none of them are primarily responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information like nucleic acids.