What type of RNA is involved in protein synthesis?

• A. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• B. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
• C. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

In protein synthesis, various types of RNA play critical roles at different stages, which is why all of the listed types—messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)—are involved.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the template for protein synthesis. It is synthesized during transcription and carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it directs the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a primary component of ribosomes, the cellular machinery where protein synthesis occurs. rRNA helps to form the ribosomal structure and plays a crucial role in catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during translation.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome in accordance with the sequence specified by the mRNA. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that base-pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA, ensuring that proteins are synthesized correctly.

Therefore, since all three types of RNA are integral to the process of protein synthesis, stating that all of the above are involved is correct.