What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

• A. Involve in lipid synthesis
• B. Synthesize proteins
• C. Store genetic material
• D. Produce energy

Answer: (B)

Ribosomes are essential cellular structures primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins. They achieve this by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. This process, known as translation, occurs in the cytoplasm where ribosomes can either be free or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming what is known as rough ER. Proteins synthesized by ribosomes serve numerous functions within the cell, including acting as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules, making them crucial for maintaining cellular function and overall homeostasis.

Other options identify functions that are primarily associated with different cellular components: lipid synthesis is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum; genetic material storage is attributed to the nucleus; and energy production is mainly carried out in the mitochondria.