How many chromosomes are found in a typical human somatic cell?

• A. 44 chromosomes
• B. 46 chromosomes
• C. 48 chromosomes
• D. 50 chromosomes

Answer: (B)

A typical human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. This number comprises 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one chromosome of each pair inherited from each parent. The 46 chromosomes include 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, which determine an individual's sex. In females, the sex chromosomes are XX, and in males, they are XY.

Maintaining this diploid number of chromosomes is essential for proper growth, development, and functioning of the organism. The correct answer reflects the fundamental concept of human genetics, where each somatic cell is genetically uniform due to the same number of chromosomes inherited from both parents, ensuring that all necessary genetic information is present for cellular processes.